Package {cer}

cer: Australian Clean Energy Regulator Data

Description

Tidy R access to data published by the Australian Clean Energy Regulator on carbon credits, the Safeguard Mechanism, renewable energy certificates, and greenhouse gas reporting.

Main function families

• cer_accu_projects(), cer_accu_issuances(), cer_accu_contracts(), cer_accu_methods(), cer_accu_relinquishments(): Australian Carbon Credit Unit ('ACCU') Scheme.

• cer_safeguard_facilities(): Safeguard Mechanism covered emissions, baselines, and SMC issuance.

• cer_nger_corporate(), cer_nger_electricity(): National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting ('NGER') scheme.

• cer_lgc_power_stations(): Large-scale Renewable Energy Target ('LRET') accredited power stations.

• cer_sres_installations(): Small-scale Renewable Energy Scheme ('SRES') postcode installation data.

• cer_qcmr(): Quarterly Carbon Market Report data workbook.

• cer_cache_info(), cer_clear_cache(): cache management.

Data source

All data is published by the Clean Energy Regulator at https://cer.gov.au/markets/reports-and-data under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.

Author(s)

Maintainer: Charles Coverdale charlesfcoverdale@gmail.com

Authors:

• Charles Coverdale charlesfcoverdale@gmail.com

See Also

Useful links:

• https://charlescoverdale.github.io/cer/

• https://github.com/charlescoverdale/cer

• Report bugs at https://github.com/charlescoverdale/cer/issues

Integrity-weighted ACCU aggregation

Description

Takes an ato_tbl or data frame of ACCU project records (from cer_accu_projects()), joins the method integrity scorecard, and aggregates by integrity tier. Emits a warning if contested or under-review methods contribute materially to the total so the analyst cannot silently aggregate them into a single headline figure.

Usage

cer_accu_aggregate(x, value_col = NULL, warn_contested_pct = 0.05)

Arguments

Value

A data frame with one row per integrity tier and columns integrity_tier, projects, ⁠<value_col>_sum⁠ and share_pct. Register methods are assigned to a tier through the scorecard's register_pattern; methods it does not cover are "unclassified".

See Also

Other accu: cer_accu_contracts(), cer_accu_issuances(), cer_accu_methods(), cer_accu_projects(), cer_accu_relinquishments(), cer_method_determination(), cer_method_integrity()

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
try({
  p <- cer_accu_projects()
  cer_accu_aggregate(p)
})
options(op)

ACCU Carbon Abatement Contract register

Description

Government purchase contracts under Emissions Reduction Fund auctions administered by the CER.

Usage

cer_accu_contracts(auction = NULL)

Arguments

Value

A cer_tbl with one row per contract.

Source

Clean Energy Regulator Carbon Abatement Contract register (CC BY 4.0).

See Also

Other accu: cer_accu_aggregate(), cer_accu_issuances(), cer_accu_methods(), cer_accu_projects(), cer_accu_relinquishments(), cer_method_determination(), cer_method_integrity()

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
cer_accu_contracts()
options(op)

ACCU issuances by project

Description

Derived from the ACCU Scheme project register: returns one row per project with accus_total_units_issued, project metadata, and total issuance net of relinquishments. For method- or period-level issuance tracking, query cer_accu_projects() directly.

Usage

cer_accu_issuances(method = NULL, project_id = NULL, from = NULL, to = NULL)

Arguments

Value

A cer_tbl with one row per project.

Source

Clean Energy Regulator ACCU project register (CC BY 4.0).

See Also

Other accu: cer_accu_aggregate(), cer_accu_contracts(), cer_accu_methods(), cer_accu_projects(), cer_accu_relinquishments(), cer_method_determination(), cer_method_integrity()

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
i <- cer_accu_issuances(method = "savanna")
head(i)
options(op)

Approved ACCU Scheme methods

Description

A static table of ACCU Scheme methods grouped by sector (Agriculture, Energy Efficiency, Landfill and Waste, Mining/Oil/Gas, Vegetation, Savanna, Blue Carbon, Transport). Built from the CER methods index at build time.

Usage

cer_accu_methods()

Details

Because the CER publishes methods as per-method PDFs on the Federal Register of Legislation rather than a machine-readable index, this function returns a package-embedded lookup. The status column captures post-Chubb Review changes: methods are flagged as "active", "expired", "suspended", or "under_review". Run cer_accu_projects() then unique(x$method) to cross-check against currently-registered projects.

Value

A cer_tbl with columns method, sector, short_name, status, commenced, and source_url.

Source

Clean Energy Regulator ACCU Scheme methods index https://cer.gov.au/schemes/australian-carbon-credit-unit-scheme/accu-scheme-methods.

See Also

Other accu: cer_accu_aggregate(), cer_accu_contracts(), cer_accu_issuances(), cer_accu_projects(), cer_accu_relinquishments(), cer_method_determination(), cer_method_integrity()

Examples

m <- cer_accu_methods()
head(m)

ACCU Scheme project register

Description

Download and parse the Clean Energy Regulator's Australian Carbon Credit Unit ('ACCU') Scheme project register. Returns one row per project with proponent, method, state, crediting period, permanence period, and cumulative ACCUs issued and relinquished.

Usage

cer_accu_projects(
  state = NULL,
  method = NULL,
  status = c("active", "revoked", "completed", "all")
)

Arguments

Details

The register is updated monthly by the CER, usually around the third week. Downloaded once per R session (or invalidate with cer_clear_cache()).

Value

A cer_tbl (data frame) with one row per ACCU project.

Source

Clean Energy Regulator, ACCU project and contract register: https://cer.gov.au/markets/reports-and-data/accu-project-and-contract-register. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

References

Commonwealth of Australia. Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011. Enabling legislation for the ACCU Scheme.

Chubb, I. (2022). Independent Review of Australian Carbon Credit Units. Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water.

Climate Change Authority (2024). 2026 Review of the ACCU Scheme: Issues paper.

Macintosh, A., Butler, D., Larraondo, P., Evans, M.C., Ansell, D., Gibbons, P., Lindenmayer, D., Waschka, M. and Fisher, R. (2022). "The emperor's new clothes: assessing the integrity of ACCUs." Australian National University working paper series.

See Also

Other accu: cer_accu_aggregate(), cer_accu_contracts(), cer_accu_issuances(), cer_accu_methods(), cer_accu_relinquishments(), cer_method_determination(), cer_method_integrity()

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
p <- cer_accu_projects(state = "NSW")
head(p)
options(op)

ACCU relinquishments by project

Description

Returns projects with non-zero ACCU relinquishments. Useful for tracking voluntary cancellations and compliance obligations.

Usage

cer_accu_relinquishments(project_id = NULL)

Arguments

Value

A cer_tbl with one row per project with accus_relinquished > 0.

Source

Clean Energy Regulator ACCU project register (CC BY 4.0).

See Also

Other accu: cer_accu_aggregate(), cer_accu_contracts(), cer_accu_issuances(), cer_accu_methods(), cer_accu_projects(), cer_method_determination(), cer_method_integrity()

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
cer_accu_relinquishments()
options(op)

Inspect the local cer cache

Description

Returns the cache directory, number of files, total size, and a per-file summary. Useful for deciding whether to call cer_clear_cache().

Usage

cer_cache_info()

Value

A list with elements dir, n_files, size_bytes, size_human, and files (a data frame with name, size_bytes, modified).

See Also

Other configuration: cer_clear_cache()

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
cer_cache_info()
options(op)

Cite a cer_tbl or URL in BibTeX, plain-text, or APA form

Description

Returns a citation suitable for footnotes, papers, and carbon market analysis reports. Uses the provenance attributes attached to every cer_tbl: source URL, licence, retrieval date, title, snapshot pin (from cer_snapshot()), and SHA-256 digest.

Usage

cer_cite(x, style = c("text", "bibtex", "apa"), doi = NULL)

Arguments

Details

For carbon market research, the BibTeX note field includes the snapshot date and first 12 hex characters of the SHA-256, which are the minimum provenance fields needed to defend a published figure against a reviewer.

Value

A character string.

See Also

Other reproducibility: cer_deposit_zenodo(), cer_legislative_instrument(), cer_manifest(), cer_manifest_clear(), cer_manifest_write(), cer_sha256(), cer_snapshot()

Examples

x <- data.frame(a = 1)
x <- structure(x,
  cer_source = "https://cer.gov.au/markets/reports-and-data/accu-project-and-contract-register",
  cer_licence = "CC BY 4.0",
  cer_retrieved = as.POSIXct("2026-04-24 00:00:00", tz = "UTC"),
  cer_title = "ACCU project register",
  cer_sha256 = "abc123def456",
  cer_snapshot_date = "2026-04-24",
  class = c("cer_tbl", "data.frame"))
cer_cite(x)
cer_cite(x, style = "bibtex")
# DOI style: supply any minted DOI (Zenodo, DataCite, etc.).
# The placeholder below is illustrative only.
cer_cite(x, style = "apa", doi = "10.5281/zenodo.XXXXXXXX")

Clear the cer cache

Description

Deletes all locally cached files. The next call to any data function will re-download from the Clean Energy Regulator.

Usage

cer_clear_cache()

Value

Invisibly returns NULL.

See Also

Other configuration: cer_cache_info()

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
cer_clear_cache()
options(op)

Prepare a Zenodo deposit payload for the session manifest

Description

Builds Zenodo-shaped metadata for a data deposit using the current cer_manifest() and the snapshot pin set via cer_snapshot(). Dry run by default; pass upload = TRUE and a token to actually deposit.

Usage

cer_deposit_zenodo(
  title = NULL,
  description = NULL,
  creators = list(list(name = "Anonymous")),
  keywords = c("Clean Energy Regulator", "carbon markets", "Australia", "ACCU",
    "Safeguard", "reproducibility"),
  upload = FALSE,
  sandbox = FALSE,
  token = Sys.getenv("ZENODO_TOKEN")
)

Arguments

Details

Because CER data is revised retroactively, Zenodo DOIs are the strongest reproducibility artefact available: they freeze the exact bytes of the ACCU project register, Safeguard facility file, or QCMR workbook at the date of analysis.

Value

A list with payload, manifest_path, and (on upload) deposit_id, doi_prereserve, url.

See Also

Other reproducibility: cer_cite(), cer_legislative_instrument(), cer_manifest(), cer_manifest_clear(), cer_manifest_write(), cer_sha256(), cer_snapshot()

Examples

cer_snapshot("2026-04-24")
cer_deposit_zenodo(
  title = "CER data snapshot for working paper v1",
  creators = list(list(name = "Author, A.")),
  upload = FALSE
)

Bundled international carbon market comparator

Description

Returns headline price/volume figures for comparison between ACCU (Australia) and major international markets: EU ETS, New Zealand ETS, California-Quebec (WCI), Verra VCUs, and Gold Standard. Values are indicative snapshots. For live data use the companion carbondata package.

Usage

cer_international_comparator()

Value

A cer_tbl of indicative comparator data.

References

International Carbon Action Partnership (annual). Emissions Trading Worldwide: Status Report. https://icapcarbonaction.com/en

World Bank (annual). State and Trends of Carbon Pricing.

See Also

Other interop: cer_to_carbondata()

Examples

cer_international_comparator()

Build a Federal Register of Legislation URL

Description

Given a Legislative Instrument identifier (e.g. "F2024L01292" for the Environmental Plantings 2024 method), return the stable URL on the Federal Register of Legislation. This is the authoritative source of truth for ACCU methods, Safeguard Rule amendments, and NGER Determinations.

Usage

cer_legislative_instrument(instrument)

Arguments

Value

A length-1 character URL string.

References

Commonwealth of Australia. Legislation Act 2003 establishes the Federal Register of Legislation as the authoritative source for Legislative Instruments.

See Also

Other reproducibility: cer_cite(), cer_deposit_zenodo(), cer_manifest(), cer_manifest_clear(), cer_manifest_write(), cer_sha256(), cer_snapshot()

Examples

cer_legislative_instrument("F2024L01292")
cer_legislative_instrument("F2015L00398")

LRET accredited power stations

Description

Power stations accredited under the Large-scale Renewable Energy Target ('LRET') and eligible to create Large-scale Generation Certificates ('LGCs').

Usage

cer_lgc_power_stations(technology = NULL, state = NULL)

Arguments

Value

A cer_tbl with one row per accredited power station, including accreditation date, technology, capacity (MW), and state.

Source

Clean Energy Regulator, Historical large-scale renewable energy supply data: https://cer.gov.au/markets/reports-and-data/large-scale-renewable-energy-data/historical-large-scale-renewable-energy-supply-data. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

References

Commonwealth of Australia. Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000. Establishes the Renewable Energy Target (RET), the LGC (Large-scale Generation Certificate) and the shortfall charge mechanism.

Clean Energy Regulator (annual). LRET: Accreditation and eligibility guidelines for power stations.

Australian Energy Market Commission (2023). Integrated System Plan 2024 reference on renewable capacity expansion.

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
s <- cer_lgc_power_stations(technology = "solar", state = "VIC")
head(s)
options(op)

Return the session manifest of fetched CER datasets

Description

Every call to a data function appends one row to the session manifest, recording URL, dataset title, SHA-256 of the cached file, size, retrieval timestamp, and the snapshot pin set via cer_snapshot(). Duplicate URLs within a session are deduplicated (last fetch wins).

Usage

cer_manifest(format = c("df", "yaml", "json"))

Arguments

Details

For carbon market research this is the minimum artefact needed for reproducibility: ACCU project registers and Safeguard releases change retroactively, so a citation that points to a URL alone is not enough. The manifest plus SHA-256 fixes the exact bytes analysed.

Value

A data frame, YAML string, or JSON string.

See Also

Other reproducibility: cer_cite(), cer_deposit_zenodo(), cer_legislative_instrument(), cer_manifest_clear(), cer_manifest_write(), cer_sha256(), cer_snapshot()

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
cer_manifest_clear()
cer_snapshot("2026-04-24")
cer_manifest()
options(op)

Clear the session manifest

Description

Clear the session manifest

Usage

cer_manifest_clear()

Value

Invisibly NULL.

See Also

Other reproducibility: cer_cite(), cer_deposit_zenodo(), cer_legislative_instrument(), cer_manifest(), cer_manifest_write(), cer_sha256(), cer_snapshot()

Examples

cer_manifest_clear()

Write the session manifest to a file

Description

Write the session manifest to a file

Usage

cer_manifest_write(path, format = c("auto", "csv", "yaml", "json"))

Arguments

Value

Invisibly, the absolute path written.

See Also

Other reproducibility: cer_cite(), cer_deposit_zenodo(), cer_legislative_instrument(), cer_manifest(), cer_manifest_clear(), cer_sha256(), cer_snapshot()

Examples

p <- tempfile(fileext = ".csv")
cer_manifest_clear()
cer_manifest_write(p)

Federal Register URL for an ACCU method determination

Description

Given a method short name (e.g. "HIR", "Savanna_2026"), return the authoritative legislative instrument URL on the Federal Register of Legislation. This is the technical determination document that defines measurement, monitoring, baseline, and permanence rules for the method.

Usage

cer_method_determination(method_short)

Arguments

Value

A length-1 character URL, or NA_character_ if not found.

See Also

Other accu: cer_accu_aggregate(), cer_accu_contracts(), cer_accu_issuances(), cer_accu_methods(), cer_accu_projects(), cer_accu_relinquishments(), cer_method_integrity()

Examples

cer_method_determination("HIR")
cer_method_determination("Savanna_2026")

ACCU method integrity scorecard

Description

Returns a method-level integrity scorecard for all ACCU methods. Columns include integrity_tier (high / standard / contested), chubb_affected (whether the Chubb 2022 Independent Review flagged the method), chubb_recommendation_applies (whether a specific Chubb recommendation targets the method), and federal_register_instrument (authoritative legislative instrument ID).

Usage

cer_method_integrity(tier = NULL, status = NULL)

Arguments

Details

Use this to filter or weight ACCU aggregates, or to annotate a chart with integrity context. For example, an analyst reporting "185 million ACCUs issued to date" should, at minimum, break the total down by integrity_tier and flag the contested share.

Value

A cer_tbl with one row per method (19 rows at v0.2.0). The register_pattern column is the regular expression that assigns the ACCU project register's full legal method names (for example, "Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative-Landfill Gas) Methodology Determination 2015") to each row; cer_accu_aggregate() and the chubb_flag column of cer_accu_projects() use it. Register methods that no pattern matches are reported as "unclassified".

References

Chubb, I. (2022). Independent Review of Australian Carbon Credit Units. Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water.

Macintosh, A., Butler, D., Larraondo, P., Evans, M.C., Ansell, D., Gibbons, P., Lindenmayer, D., Waschka, M. and Fisher, R. (2022). "The emperor's new clothes: assessing the integrity of ACCUs." Australian National University working paper series.

Butler, D., Macintosh, A. and Pouliot, M. (2023). "Response to the Chubb Review." Australian National University.

Ansell, D. et al. (2020). "Contemporary fire regimes of northern Australia: a review of current patterns, impacts and challenges." Environmental Research Reviews.

See Also

Other accu: cer_accu_aggregate(), cer_accu_contracts(), cer_accu_issuances(), cer_accu_methods(), cer_accu_projects(), cer_accu_relinquishments(), cer_method_determination()

Examples

cer_method_integrity()
cer_method_integrity(tier = "contested")
cer_method_integrity(status = "active")

Translate NGER scope columns to Climate Active categories

Description

Climate Active (Australia's voluntary carbon-neutral certification) uses a Scope 1 / Scope 2 (market-based and location-based) / Scope 3 taxonomy. NGER publishes Scope 1 and Scope 2 only (Scope 3 is not NGER-reportable). This helper renames columns so an NGER output flows into a Climate Active inventory template.

Usage

cer_nger_climate_active(x)

Arguments

Value

A data frame with Climate Active-style columns: operational_scope_1_t_co2e, operational_scope_2_location_t_co2e, operational_scope_2_market_t_co2e.

References

Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (annual). Climate Active Carbon Neutral Standard for Organisations. Commonwealth of Australia.

Greenhouse Gas Protocol (2004). A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (Revised Edition). World Resources Institute.

See Also

Other nger: cer_nger_corporate(), cer_nger_electricity(), cer_nger_scope()

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
try({
  x <- cer_nger_corporate(2025)
  cer_nger_climate_active(x)
})
options(op)

NGER corporate emissions and energy data

Description

Controlling-corporation-level Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions and energy use from the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting ('NGER') scheme.

Usage

cer_nger_corporate(year = 2025)

Arguments

Details

Published annually by the CER on 28 February. Facility-level Scope 1 and 2 data is only published for the electricity sector; non-electricity sectors report at this controlling-corporation level only.

Value

A cer_tbl with one row per reporting corporation.

Source

Clean Energy Regulator, NGER reporting data and registers: https://cer.gov.au/markets/reports-and-data/nger-reporting-data-and-registers. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

References

Commonwealth of Australia. National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007; National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (Measurement) Determination 2008 (as amended annually).

Greenhouse Gas Protocol (2004). A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (Revised Edition). World Resources Institute.

Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (annual). NGER Technical Guidelines. Methodology for Scope 1 and Scope 2 calculations.

See Also

Other nger: cer_nger_climate_active(), cer_nger_electricity(), cer_nger_scope()

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
try({
  x <- cer_nger_corporate(year = 2025)
  head(x)
})
options(op)

NGER electricity sector facility emissions

Description

Facility-level Scope 1 emissions and generated electricity for facilities in the electricity generation sector that met the NGER reporting threshold.

Usage

cer_nger_electricity(year = 2025, facility = NULL)

Arguments

Value

A cer_tbl with one row per generator facility.

Source

Clean Energy Regulator, National Greenhouse and Energy Register: https://cer.gov.au/markets/reports-and-data/nger-reporting-data-and-registers. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

See Also

Other nger: cer_nger_climate_active(), cer_nger_corporate(), cer_nger_scope()

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
try({
  e <- cer_nger_electricity(year = 2025, facility = "Bayswater")
  head(e)
})
options(op)

Select NGER columns by scope with explicit errors

Description

Given an NGER corporate-level data frame from cer_nger_corporate(), select the requested scope columns and error if they are not present. Avoids the silent-misaggregation failure mode where a user sums a column that is actually Scope 1+2 combined when they intended Scope 1 only.

Usage

cer_nger_scope(
  x,
  scope = c("1_plus_2", "1", "2_market", "2_location"),
  col_pattern = NULL
)

Arguments

Details

Column-name detection is heuristic because NGER renames columns year to year. Pass col_pattern to override.

Value

A data frame with an emissions_t_co2e column populated by the requested scope and a scope column recording which scope was selected.

See Also

Other nger: cer_nger_climate_active(), cer_nger_corporate(), cer_nger_electricity()

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
try({
  x <- cer_nger_corporate(2025)
  cer_nger_scope(x, scope = "1")
})
options(op)

Quarterly Carbon Market Report data workbook

Description

Aggregate carbon market statistics from the CER's Quarterly Carbon Market Report, including ACCU issuances, LGC creations, STC volumes, unit surrenders, and Safeguard Mechanism developments.

Usage

cer_qcmr(quarter = "latest", sheet = "Contents")

Arguments

Value

A cer_tbl with the requested sheet's contents.

Source

Clean Energy Regulator, Quarterly Carbon Market Reports: https://cer.gov.au/markets/reports-and-data/quarterly-carbon-market-reports. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

References

Clean Energy Regulator (quarterly). Quarterly Carbon Market Report. Methodology notes accompany each release.

Clean Energy Regulator (2024). Carbon Market Indicators: methodology and data dictionary.

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
try({
  # Contents sheet lists all available figures
  toc <- cer_qcmr("latest")
  head(toc)
  # Fetch a specific figure
  fig <- cer_qcmr("latest", sheet = "Figure 1.1")
})
options(op)

QCMR headline reference totals

Description

Bundled quarterly Clean Energy Regulator QCMR headline figures for cross-validation of live-fetched aggregates.

Usage

cer_qcmr_reference(quarter = NULL, measure = NULL)

Arguments

Details

Every value is read from the QCMR data workbook by data-raw/qcmr_headline_totals.R, and the source column names the workbook vintage, figure and column. Measures: accu_issuances, accu_cumulative_issuances, accu_projects_registered, accu_cumulative_projects_registered, safeguard_accu_surrenders, safeguard_smc_surrenders, lgc_validations, lgc_cumulative_validations, sres_solar_installations and sres_cumulative_solar_installations. Cumulative measures are running sums of the quarterly figures over the history the workbook covers.

Value

A cer_tbl of reference totals.

See Also

Other reconciliation: cer_reconcile()

Examples

cer_qcmr_reference()
cer_qcmr_reference(quarter = "2024-Q4")

Reconcile an aggregate against the QCMR headline figure

Description

Compares a scalar or data-frame sum against the CER Quarterly Carbon Market Report headline for the same quarter and measure. Warns on absolute percentage gap > 2% (default). Small gaps (sub-1%) are expected because ACCU project registers are retroactively revised between QCMR releases.

Usage

cer_reconcile(value, quarter, measure, sum_column = NULL, warn_pct = 0.02)

Arguments

Value

A one-row data frame: measure, quarter, value, reference, diff, pct_diff, unit, source.

References

Clean Energy Regulator (quarterly). Quarterly Carbon Market Report. https://cer.gov.au/markets/reports-and-data/quarterly-carbon-market-reports

See Also

Other reconciliation: cer_qcmr_reference()

Examples

cer_reconcile(value = 158.4e6,
              quarter = "2024-Q4",
              measure = "accu_cumulative_issuances")

Default Safeguard baseline emissions intensity trajectory

Description

Returns the baseline emissions intensity, per unit of a production variable, for a facility whose baseline is set at the default emissions intensity in Schedule 1 of the Safeguard Mechanism Rule 2015 and the default emissions reduction contribution (ERC) in section 31:

Usage

cer_safeguard_baseline_trajectory(industry, from_year = 2023, to_year = 2030)

Arguments

Details

B_t = EI \times ERC_t

where ERC is 0.951 for FY 2023-24 and falls by 0.049 a year (a linear decline of 4.9 percent of the default intensity) to 0.657 for FY 2029-30, then by 0.03285 a year, never below zero. Facilities using site-specific emissions intensities, and trade-exposed baseline-adjusted facilities (see cer_safeguard_teba_facilities()), have different baselines.

Value

A data frame with year, financial_year, default_emissions_intensity, decline_factor (the default ERC) and baseline (t CO2-e per unit of the production variable).

References

Commonwealth of Australia. National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (Safeguard Mechanism) Rule 2015 (F2015L01637), compilation of 31 August 2024: sections 31 to 33 and Schedule 1.

See Also

Other safeguard: cer_safeguard_facilities(), cer_safeguard_industry_baselines(), cer_safeguard_teba_facilities()

Examples

cer_safeguard_baseline_trajectory("Aluminium")
cer_safeguard_baseline_trajectory("63", from_year = 2023, to_year = 2035)

Safeguard Mechanism facility-level data

Description

Covered emissions, baselines, Safeguard Mechanism Credits (SMCs) issued or surrendered, and abatement information for facilities above the 100,000 tonne CO2e threshold.

Usage

cer_safeguard_facilities(year = 2025)

Arguments

Details

Published annually by the CER on 15 April following each reporting year. The download URL is resolved dynamically from the CER's Safeguard landing page, so no slug changes here are required when new years publish.

Value

A cer_tbl with one row per facility.

Source

Clean Energy Regulator, Safeguard data: https://cer.gov.au/markets/reports-and-data/safeguard-data. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

References

Commonwealth of Australia. National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007.

Commonwealth of Australia. National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (Safeguard Mechanism) Rule 2015 (as amended).

Commonwealth of Australia (2023). Safeguard Mechanism (Crediting) Amendment Act 2023. Introduced declining industry baselines (4.9% p.a. nominal) and Safeguard Mechanism Credits (SMCs).

Climate Change Authority (2023). Review of the Safeguard Mechanism.

See Also

Other safeguard: cer_safeguard_baseline_trajectory(), cer_safeguard_industry_baselines(), cer_safeguard_teba_facilities()

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
try({
  f <- cer_safeguard_facilities(year = 2025)
  head(f)
})
options(op)

Safeguard default emissions intensities by production variable

Description

The default (industry-average) emissions intensity for every production variable in Schedule 1 of the Safeguard Mechanism Rule 2015 that has one, read from the Rule by data-raw/safeguard_industry_baselines.R. Production variables whose default is yet to be specified are omitted.

Usage

cer_safeguard_industry_baselines()

Value

A cer_tbl with columns section, production_variable, default_emissions_intensity, unit (the Rule's wording) and source (section and compilation date).

See Also

Other safeguard: cer_safeguard_baseline_trajectory(), cer_safeguard_facilities(), cer_safeguard_teba_facilities()

Examples

b <- cer_safeguard_industry_baselines()
b[b$production_variable %in% c("Aluminium", "Alumina"), ]

Trade-exposed baseline-adjusted (TEBA) facility list

Description

Returns the Clean Energy Regulator's table of trade-exposed baseline-adjusted (TEBA) determinations, bundled by data-raw/safeguard_teba_facilities.R. A TEBA determination sets a slower decline in a facility's emissions reduction contribution (ERC) than the default, for the financial years it covers. A facility appears once per determination, so a revoked and replaced determination gives two rows.

Usage

cer_safeguard_teba_facilities()

Value

A cer_tbl with columns facility_name, responsible_emitter, start_date, end_date (the financial years covered), facility_type, decline_rate, erc_2023_24 to erc_2026_27 (NA where the determination does not apply), status ("current" or "historical") and historical_reason.

References

Clean Energy Regulator. Trade-exposed baseline-adjusted facility data. https://cer.gov.au/markets/reports-and-data/safeguard-data/trade-exposed-baseline-adjusted-facility-data

See Also

Other safeguard: cer_safeguard_baseline_trajectory(), cer_safeguard_facilities(), cer_safeguard_industry_baselines()

Examples

cer_safeguard_teba_facilities()

Compute the SHA-256 digest of a file

Description

Compute the SHA-256 digest of a file

Usage

cer_sha256(file)

Arguments

Value

A length-1 character string (hex digest), or NA if the file does not exist. Uses digest::digest() when the digest package is available (recommended for research work), falling back to tools::md5sum() otherwise.

See Also

Other reproducibility: cer_cite(), cer_deposit_zenodo(), cer_legislative_instrument(), cer_manifest(), cer_manifest_clear(), cer_manifest_write(), cer_snapshot()

Examples

f <- tempfile()
writeLines("hello", f)
cer_sha256(f)

Pin or inspect the session snapshot date

Description

Call once at the top of an analysis script to declare the vintage of CER data you intend to use. Every subsequent ⁠cer_*⁠ fetch records this date in the cer_tbl provenance header, in cer_manifest() entries, and in cer_cite() output.

Usage

cer_snapshot(date)

Arguments

Details

This matters more for CER data than for most government data: projects relinquish ACCUs retroactively, the CER transfers projects between proponents, methods are reclassified (e.g. post-Chubb-Review status changes), and the Quarterly Carbon Market Report occasionally restates prior quarters. A snapshot pin is the minimum evidence a reviewer needs to verify a published carbon-market claim.

Value

Invisibly, the new pinned date (as Date), or NULL.

See Also

Other reproducibility: cer_cite(), cer_deposit_zenodo(), cer_legislative_instrument(), cer_manifest(), cer_manifest_clear(), cer_manifest_write(), cer_sha256()

Examples

cer_snapshot("2026-04-24")
cer_snapshot()
cer_snapshot(NULL)

SRES small-scale installations by postcode

Description

Monthly Small-scale Renewable Energy Scheme ('SRES') installation counts or capacity by postcode. Covers rooftop solar PV, solar water heaters, air-source heat pumps, and small batteries.

Usage

cer_sres_installations(
  technology = c("solar_pv", "swh", "heat_pump", "battery"),
  postcode = NULL,
  measure = c("installations", "capacity")
)

Arguments

Value

A cer_tbl. For measure = "installations" columns include postcode and per-month install counts. For measure = "capacity", per-month kW capacity.

Source

Clean Energy Regulator, Small-scale installation postcode data: https://cer.gov.au/markets/reports-and-data/small-scale-installation-postcode-data. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

References

Commonwealth of Australia. Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000, Small-scale Renewable Energy Scheme provisions.

Australian Energy Market Operator (2024). Distributed PV Forecasting Methodology. AEMO uses SRES installation data as input to ISP and ESOO forecasts.

Best, R., Burke, P.J. and Nishitateno, S. (2019). "Understanding the determinants of rooftop solar installation: evidence from household surveys in Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 63(4), 922-939. doi:10.1111/1467-8489.12319

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
inst <- cer_sres_installations(postcode = c("2000", "3000"))
head(inst)
options(op)

Remap an ACCU project data frame to the carbondata voluntary- project schema

Description

The carbondata R package exposes Verra, Gold Standard, ACR, and CAR voluntary projects under a unified schema. This function renames ACCU register columns to match, so an analyst can compare ACCU issuance patterns against international voluntary markets on a consistent basis.

Usage

cer_to_carbondata(x)

Arguments

Details

Schema mapping is lossy: ACCU-specific fields (Chubb flag, permanence period, crediting-period dates) pass through with original names.

Value

A data frame with carbondata-style columns: project_id, project_name, methodology, project_type, country, registry, issued_credits_to_date, retired_credits_to_date.

See Also

Other interop: cer_international_comparator()

Examples

op <- options(cer.cache_dir = tempdir())
try({
  ccy <- cer_accu_projects()
  carb <- cer_to_carbondata(ccy)
  head(carb)
})
options(op)

Print a cer_tbl

Description

Prints a provenance header (title, source URL, licence, retrieval time, dimensions) followed by the data frame.

Usage

## S3 method for class 'cer_tbl'
print(x, ...)

Arguments

Value

Invisibly returns x.

Examples

x <- data.frame(project_id = "ERF123", accus_issued = 4200)
x <- structure(x, cer_title = "Demo", cer_source = "https://cer.gov.au",
               cer_licence = "CC BY 4.0", cer_retrieved = Sys.time(),
               class = c("cer_tbl", "data.frame"))
print(x)